Bacharach Gas Pup Instruções de Operação Página 50
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATING RESULTS GA-40 T plus
50
S
L
- chimney loss - the percentage of heat produced in combustion process, which is
convected with the combustion gases.
T
gas
- flue gas temperature
T
amb
- the temperature of the boiler inlet air (it is assumed by the analyser to be the
ambient temperature)
CO
2
- the calculated (on the basis of oxygen concentration and CO
2max
) amount of CO
2
in combustion gases, expressed in [% vol]
A1, B - factors characteristic for a given fuel type (see Table 7)
Based on the calculated chimney loss the analyser estimates the efficiency of the combustion process η (don't
confuse it with boiler efficiency)
“
ηη
=
100% - S
L
where:
η - combustion efficiency
The above formula assumes that the only quantity decreasing combustion efficiency is chimney loss. Thus it
omits incomplete combustion losses, radiation losses etc. Such a simplification is a result of the inability to
measure the size of most of these other losses with the gas analyser. Because of this gross simplification in the
formula above it should be remembered that the efficiency calculated in this way can not be treated as precise.
However, efficiency calculated like this is very convenient as a comparable parameter when regulating the
furnace. The formula, though simplified, reflects precisely the tendencies of efficiency change, thus it is
possible to observe whether the efficiency increases or decreases. It is sufficient information for the regulation
process.
It is possible to take into account the efficiency reduction caused by incomplete combustion. This loss is
represented by a quantity called the loss by incomplete combustion IL. It determines the percentage of energy
loss caused by the presence of flammable gases (in this case mainly CO) in the combustion gases. The loss
caused by incomplete combustion is calculated on the basis of measured CO concentration in the combustion
gases according to the following formula:
”
[
]
[ ] [ ]
IL
CO
CO CO
=
•
+
α
%
% %
2
where:
CO, CO
2
- volume concentrations of CO and CO
2
in the combustion gases
α - the factor specific for a given fuel
Calculating IL enables correction of the previously calculated (formula 8) combustion efficiency. Then the so-
called corrected efficiency η* is calculated:
η η
*
IL
= −
The last combustion parameter calculated by GAGA--40 T 40 T plusplus is the excess air factor ë. This factor expresses
how many times the amount of air supplied to the boiler is larger than the minimum amount which is
theoretically necessary to burn the fuel completely. The system calculates the excess air factor on the basis of
the known CO
2max
value for the given fuel and the calculated concentration of CO
2
in the combustion gases
using the formula:
• λ =
CO
2max
CO
2meas
- FLUE GAS ANALYSER 1
- GA-40T plus 1
- GA-40 T plus 5
- 1 INTRODUCTION 7
- 2 MAINTENANCE 8
- 3 GENERAL INFORMATION 10
- 4 CONSTRUCTION 11
- 4.2.6 Analogue inputs 12
- 4.2.7 Analogue outputs 14
- 4.3.1 Keyboard 14
- 4.3.4 Printer 15
- 4.3.5 Interface RS 232C 15
- 4.3.2 Warning lights 15
- 4.3.3 Display 15
- 4.4 Power supply 16
- 5 OPERATION 17
- 5.1.3 Entering Numbers 18
- 5.1.4 Editing Text 18
- 5.2.2 Switching on 19
- 5.2.4 Initial Calibration 20
- 5.2.5 Measurement Parameters 20
- Á - choose SELECT FUEL 21
- À - back to option FUEL 22
-  and à - select min or sec 23
- Á - call the next screen 24
- 5.3.2 Averaged Values 25
- 5.3.3 The Averaging Process 26
- 27
- 5.6 Graphic 28
- 0 m/s 30
- Á - select option 31
- Á - select the option 33
- Á - select the gas 34
- 5.9.3.5 Language/Country 37
- 5.9.3.6 Acoustic Warning 37
- 5.10 Storing of Results 38
- Á -select option REPORTS 39
- 5.10.1.4 Erasing Reports 42
- (5.2.5.2) 43
- 5.11 Data-Logger 44
- 5.12 Printer 45
- m a d u r GA-40 T plus 46
- 19.12.93 13:23.41 46
- 6.7 Fuel parameters 51
- 7 BLOCK DIAGRAM 53
- 8 FRONT VIEW WITH KEYBOARD 54
- 9 MENU STRUCTURE 55
- [.] [.] [.] 56
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